New innovation realities require new mindsets and tools
Paul Hobcraft and I have been writing a series of blog posts about innovation, ecosystems, platforms and what we believe customers will ultimately demand: seamless experiences. As products and services proliferate and basic needs are met, customers become more sophisticated and more demanding, desiring products, services and business models that work together and don't require configuration, integration or effort by the consumer to "make them work". Customers and consumers increasingly expect a seamless experience when using a new product. If the product or service requires the customer to combine products, read manuals, acquire other products or services to make the solution work, the new product is likely to receive far less acclaim.
Understanding that, we should understand also that the tools that once helped innovators create new products aren't the same tools that we need today when customers demand seamless experiences. Or, put another way, those original tools are still valuable, but by themselves they solve only a small portion of the overall challenge. Take, for example, "jobs to be done" methodologies.
Jobs to be done
First developed by Clayton Christensen and expanded on by Tony Ulwick and others, "jobs to be done" is a nice methodology to understand customer needs. Christensen and Ulwick propose the idea that customers hire products to do jobs for them. If a product does the job well, it is "hired". To help customers accomplish tasks, we need to understand the jobs they are doing. This methodology has worked well for years to help innovators find unmet needs that can be addressed. However, the focus for today's innovation needs may be too narrow. Traditionally, the "jobs to be done" were relatively discrete and narrowly focused, often leading to product features or benefits. In a market where seamless experiences become more important, a too narrow application of "jobs to be done" risks solving only a fraction of the total customer need.
Paul and I have suggested that perhaps we should move from "jobs to be done" to "experiences to be had" - that is, widening the aperture of the question to encompass the entire experience, rather than narrowly focusing just on discrete jobs.
Whole Product
This is an "oldy but a goody" as my father likes to say. Geoffrey Moore developed the concept of the "whole product" in the 1980s and the concepts are still true today, especially in high tech fields. Whole product refers to the idea that the majority of customers don't want to buy untested, unproven technologies. Early adopters and tech enthusiasts will buy new technology, but the larger market waits for demonstrated proof of viability, compatibility, product support, complementary products, good support services. Thus, Moore suggests that a "whole product" is one that combines all of these capabilities and features.
We'd like to adopt this thinking by saying that customers want more than "whole products" they want "whole experiences". The product focused thinking is valuable, but must be combined with the larger context of what the customer is trying to accomplish, what experiences they want or need from a new product and the ecosystem in which the new product or service must operate. A fantastic stand alone product that fails to work within the customer's ecosystem of products and services, or one that forces the customer to make compromises or work diligently to integrate to other solutions is not going to be successful.
Customer Experience Journey
This methodology is increasingly gaining popularity because it requires an innovator to think about the entire "life span" of a customer's interaction with his or her products. The journey considers the awareness, acquisition and use of a product, and done well also considers aspects like omni-channel experience and the eventual disuse and discarding of a product or service. Customer experience journeys highlight "touchpoints" or moments of truth where the use of the product can be combined with experiential factors like additional material, contact by a support center, access to the product's web site and many other interactions that build the experience of the product. Those touch points can improve a customer's experience or degrade it. The customer experience journey is a valuable step toward understanding the experiential aspects of the product in the customer's life.
However, even this isn't enough because the customer experience journey can be a very narrow perspective, taken from the aspect of the product and not fully considering how the customer views the product in relation to its ecosystem and the experiences the customer is hoping to achieve overall.
Design Thinking
Increasingly, design thinking is percolating into the innovator's toolbox. IDEO and others have been proponents of design thinking for years, and I'm happy to say that design thinking is growing as an innovation input. The risk with design thinking is again that it becomes "product design" thinking, focused on the design of products, rather than design thinking meant to help innovators and customers design products, services and experiences.
A seamless experience is almost by definition a designed experience. There are very few accidents that result in a perfectly seamless experience that meet or exceed customer expectations. To do this effectively, we need to understand the customer's "whole experience" expectations and map customer journeys, and then use design thinking to craft the anticipated experience.
Once we understand the designed experience, we can then begin to understand how, or even if, such expectations can be met by the existing ecosystems and platforms.
Ecosystems/Platforms
Unless your company name is Apple, you are very unlikely to build a completely integrated, designed experience that is a closed ecosystem. Apple did accomplish this by creating a small range of products (iPod, iPhone, iPad, etc) that are basically extensions of the same core product and surrounding them with the same sets of features and services (iTunes as an example).
Without this defined, closed ecosystem, most innovators must rely on third party partners, channels, data streams and other capabilities to provide the aspects of a seamless experience. This means that innovators must 1) understand what the existing ecosystem can offer and 2) reach accommodations and partnerships with third parties to create more seamless experiences. Thus, innovation isn't just about a new widget, its also about understanding the role the widget plays in a consumer's life and how to make that role as seamless as possible.
Innovating in the new expectation
All of this explanation ultimately means that any one of these tools simply provides a narrow glimpse into what customers actually want - we need to use them all. Further, we need to move quickly beyond the narrow focus of product innovation to experience innovation, because that's where customers are moving - if they aren't already there. The shift in the use of tools and techniques isn't overly difficult. What will be difficult is the shift in mindsets, as innovators recognize that products play only a small portion in the expected experience. This will mean that product organizations and budgets may give way to experience organizations, where companies craft experiences that products must fit into, rather than the other way around, which is the norm today.
Understanding that, we should understand also that the tools that once helped innovators create new products aren't the same tools that we need today when customers demand seamless experiences. Or, put another way, those original tools are still valuable, but by themselves they solve only a small portion of the overall challenge. Take, for example, "jobs to be done" methodologies.
Jobs to be done
First developed by Clayton Christensen and expanded on by Tony Ulwick and others, "jobs to be done" is a nice methodology to understand customer needs. Christensen and Ulwick propose the idea that customers hire products to do jobs for them. If a product does the job well, it is "hired". To help customers accomplish tasks, we need to understand the jobs they are doing. This methodology has worked well for years to help innovators find unmet needs that can be addressed. However, the focus for today's innovation needs may be too narrow. Traditionally, the "jobs to be done" were relatively discrete and narrowly focused, often leading to product features or benefits. In a market where seamless experiences become more important, a too narrow application of "jobs to be done" risks solving only a fraction of the total customer need.
Paul and I have suggested that perhaps we should move from "jobs to be done" to "experiences to be had" - that is, widening the aperture of the question to encompass the entire experience, rather than narrowly focusing just on discrete jobs.
Whole Product
This is an "oldy but a goody" as my father likes to say. Geoffrey Moore developed the concept of the "whole product" in the 1980s and the concepts are still true today, especially in high tech fields. Whole product refers to the idea that the majority of customers don't want to buy untested, unproven technologies. Early adopters and tech enthusiasts will buy new technology, but the larger market waits for demonstrated proof of viability, compatibility, product support, complementary products, good support services. Thus, Moore suggests that a "whole product" is one that combines all of these capabilities and features.
We'd like to adopt this thinking by saying that customers want more than "whole products" they want "whole experiences". The product focused thinking is valuable, but must be combined with the larger context of what the customer is trying to accomplish, what experiences they want or need from a new product and the ecosystem in which the new product or service must operate. A fantastic stand alone product that fails to work within the customer's ecosystem of products and services, or one that forces the customer to make compromises or work diligently to integrate to other solutions is not going to be successful.
Customer Experience Journey
This methodology is increasingly gaining popularity because it requires an innovator to think about the entire "life span" of a customer's interaction with his or her products. The journey considers the awareness, acquisition and use of a product, and done well also considers aspects like omni-channel experience and the eventual disuse and discarding of a product or service. Customer experience journeys highlight "touchpoints" or moments of truth where the use of the product can be combined with experiential factors like additional material, contact by a support center, access to the product's web site and many other interactions that build the experience of the product. Those touch points can improve a customer's experience or degrade it. The customer experience journey is a valuable step toward understanding the experiential aspects of the product in the customer's life.
However, even this isn't enough because the customer experience journey can be a very narrow perspective, taken from the aspect of the product and not fully considering how the customer views the product in relation to its ecosystem and the experiences the customer is hoping to achieve overall.
Design Thinking
Increasingly, design thinking is percolating into the innovator's toolbox. IDEO and others have been proponents of design thinking for years, and I'm happy to say that design thinking is growing as an innovation input. The risk with design thinking is again that it becomes "product design" thinking, focused on the design of products, rather than design thinking meant to help innovators and customers design products, services and experiences.
A seamless experience is almost by definition a designed experience. There are very few accidents that result in a perfectly seamless experience that meet or exceed customer expectations. To do this effectively, we need to understand the customer's "whole experience" expectations and map customer journeys, and then use design thinking to craft the anticipated experience.
Once we understand the designed experience, we can then begin to understand how, or even if, such expectations can be met by the existing ecosystems and platforms.
Ecosystems/Platforms
Unless your company name is Apple, you are very unlikely to build a completely integrated, designed experience that is a closed ecosystem. Apple did accomplish this by creating a small range of products (iPod, iPhone, iPad, etc) that are basically extensions of the same core product and surrounding them with the same sets of features and services (iTunes as an example).
Without this defined, closed ecosystem, most innovators must rely on third party partners, channels, data streams and other capabilities to provide the aspects of a seamless experience. This means that innovators must 1) understand what the existing ecosystem can offer and 2) reach accommodations and partnerships with third parties to create more seamless experiences. Thus, innovation isn't just about a new widget, its also about understanding the role the widget plays in a consumer's life and how to make that role as seamless as possible.
Innovating in the new expectation
All of this explanation ultimately means that any one of these tools simply provides a narrow glimpse into what customers actually want - we need to use them all. Further, we need to move quickly beyond the narrow focus of product innovation to experience innovation, because that's where customers are moving - if they aren't already there. The shift in the use of tools and techniques isn't overly difficult. What will be difficult is the shift in mindsets, as innovators recognize that products play only a small portion in the expected experience. This will mean that product organizations and budgets may give way to experience organizations, where companies craft experiences that products must fit into, rather than the other way around, which is the norm today.
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